(specific ingredients are subject to product packaging; core components listed below):
Key Dark Circle-Reducing Ingredients:
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3): Inhibits melanin transfer to skin cells, fades pigmentary dark circles, and evens the under-eye skin tone — gentle and suitable for long-term use.
Caffeine: Stimulates blood circulation in the eye area, reduces vascular congestion (the cause of blue/purple dark circles), and minimizes under-eye puffiness.
Sodium Ascorbyl Phosphate (Vitamin C Derivative): A stable, low-irritation vitamin C derivative that brightens dull under-eye skin, enhances the lightening effect of niacinamide, and prevents new pigmentation.
Hydrating & Soothing Ingredients:
Sodium Hyaluronate (Multi-Molecular): High-molecular hyaluronate locks in surface moisture; low-molecular hyaluronate penetrates the thin eye skin to replenish internal moisture, preventing dryness-induced dullness.
Centella Asiatica Extract (Cica): Reduces inflammation from eye strain or environmental stress, repairs the delicate eye barrier, and soothes mild irritation, creating a healthy foundation for dark circle reduction.
Panthenol (Vitamin B5): Converts to pantothenic acid in the skin, hydrates deeply, and soothes sensitive eye skin, reducing the risk of irritation from active ingredients.
Circulation-Boosting & Brightening Auxiliaries:
Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract: Improves microcirculation in the eye area, reduces blood stasis (a contributor to vascular dark circles), and enhances skin elasticity.
Allantoin: Softens the eye skin, promotes mild cell renewal, and enhances the absorption of active ingredients, further supporting dark circle improvement.
Stabilizers & Preservatives:
Disodium EDTA: A chelating agent that binds to metal ions in the formula, preventing ingredient oxidation and maintaining the stability of niacinamide and vitamin C derivatives.
Phenoxyethanol (≤1%): A mild, EU-approved preservative that inhibits bacterial growth in the serum, extending the shelf life (24 months unopened) without irritating the sensitive eye area.
Harsh Substance-Free: Free of alcohol, artificial fragrances, parabens, mineral oil, sulfates (SLS/SLES), and synthetic colorants — meets "eye-safe" skincare standards, suitable for long-term daily use.